Family BASIC Keyboard

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The Family Basic Keyboard (HVC-007) was a peripheral released with the Family Basic package in 1984. With the data recorder that could be attached to it, it allowed the Famicom to have the abilities of the average home computer of around that time. It is a generic 72 button keyboard using common matrix logic, and can be connected to the Famicom at the expansion port.

Keyboard map

F1  F2  F3  F4  F5  F6  F7  F8
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - ^ ¥ STOP       CH* INS DEL
ESC Q W E R T Y U I O P @ [ RETURN        UP
CTR A S D F G H J K L ; : ] KANA      LEFT RIGHT
SHIFT Z X C V B N M , . / _ SHIFT        DOWN
       GRPH   SPACE

* CH = CLR HOME

If you have proper font support:


   F1      F2      F3      F4      F5      F6      F7      F8

    !   "   #   $   %   &   '   (   )   =
   1 ァ 2 ィ 3 ゥ 4 ェ 5 ォ 6   7   8   9   0   -   ^   ¥    STOP
    ア   イ   ウ   エ   オ   ナ   ニ   ヌ   ネ   ノ   ラ   リ   ル        CLR
                                                                 INS DEL
 ESC Q   W   E   R   T   Y パ U ピ I プ O ペ P ポ @   [ 「 RETURN   HOME
      カ   キ   ク   ケ   コ   ハ   ヒ   フ   ヘ   ホ   レ   ロ

                                           +   *                 ▲
  CTR A   S   D   F   G   H   J   K   L   ;   :   ] 」  カナ
       サ   シ   ス   セ   ソ   マ   ミ   ム   メ   モ   ー   。

                                        〉   ?   ␣             ◀       ▶
SHIFT  Z   X   C   V   B   N   M   ,   .   /        SHIFT
        タ   チ   ツ   テ   ト   ヤ   ユ   ヨ   ワ   ヲ   ン
                                                                 ▼

            GRPH [............SPACE............]

Mind that the DEL key function is actually that of Backspace we all know and love.

Hardware interface

Input ($4016 write)

7  bit  0
---- ----
xxxx xKCR
      |||
      ||+-- Reset the keyboard to the first row.
      |+--- Select column, row is incremented if this bit goes from high to low.
      +---- Enable keyboard matrix (if 0, all voltages inside the keyboard will be 5V, reading back as logical 0 always)

Incrementing the row from the (keyless) 10th row will cause it to wrap back to the first row.

Output ($4017 read)

7  bit  0
---- ----
xxxK KKKx
   | |||
   +-+++--- Receive key status of currently selected row/column.

Any key that is held down, will read back as 0.

($4016 reads from the data recorder.)

Matrix

Column 0 Column 1
$4017 bit 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1
Row 0 ] [ RETURN F8 STOP ¥ RSHIFT KANA
Row 1 ; : @ F7 ^ - / _
Row 2 K L O F6 0 P , .
Row 3 J U I F5 8 9 N M
Row 4 H G Y F4 6 7 V B
Row 5 D R T F3 4 5 C F
Row 6 A S W F2 3 E Z X
Row 7 CTR Q ESC F1 2 1 GRPH LSHIFT
Row 8 LEFT RIGHT UP CLR HOME INS DEL SPACE DOWN

Hardware

The Family BASIC Keyboard is implemented using a CD4017 decade counter (to scan the rows of the keyboard matrix), a CD4019 quad AND-OR gate, and one sixth of a CD4069 hex inverter. The latter two are combined to make a quad 1-of-2 selector, equivalent to a CD4519 or a 74'157. (Another three inverters are used to interface to the Family BASIC Data Recorder)

Miscellaneous

  • Unlike the PC keyboard, but similar to the Commodore 64 keyboard, the sixteen keys corresponding to ASCII $2C-$3B all specify the ASCII code point should be XORed with $10 when the SHIFT key is pressed. This can be used to simplify the keyboard decoding logic in your program.
  • There is no backslash key, however, historical reasons have given to using the yen key and symbol for the same meaning.
  • The kana are arranged in (grid) alphabetical order, not in the way that modern Japanese computers are.

References