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| The '''clock rate''' of various components in the NES differs between consoles in the USA and Europe due to the different television standards used (NTSC M vs. PAL B). The color encoding method used by the NES (see [[NTSC video]]) requires that the master clock frequency be six times that of the color subcarrier, but this frequency is significantly higher on PAL than on NTSC. In addition, PAL has more scanlines per field and fewer fields per second than NTSC. So the main differences between the NTSC and PAL PPUs are as follows:
| | #REDIRECT [[Cycle reference chart]] |
| {| class="tabular"
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| ! Property || NTSC || PAL || Dendy
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| | Master clock speed || 21.477272 MHz ± 40 Hz<br>236.25 MHz / 11 by definition || 26601712 Hz ± ?<br>26601712.5 MHz by definition || Like PAL
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| | PPU clock speed || 21.477272 MHz / 4 || 26.601712 MHz / 5 || Like PAL
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| | Corresponding CPU clock speed || 21.47MHz / 12 = 1.78977267 MHz<br>3 dots per CPU cycle || 26.601712 MHz / 16 = 1.662607 MHz<br>3 1/5 dots per CPU cycle || 26.601712 MHz / 15 = 1.773448 MHz<br>3 dots per CPU cycle
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| | Height of picture || 240 scanlines || 240 scanlines || Like PAL
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| | Nominal visible picture height<br>(see [[Overscan]]) || 224 scanlines || 268 scanlines || Like PAL
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| | "Post-render" blanking lines between end of picture and NMI || 1 scanline || 1 scanline || 51 scanlines
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| | Length of vertical blanking after NMI || 20 scanlines || 70 scanlines || 20 scanlines
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| | "Pre-render" lines between vertical blanking and next picture || 1 scanline || 1 scanline || Like PAL
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| | Total number of dots per frame || 341*261 + 340.5 = 89341.5<br>(pre-render line is one dot shorter in every other frame) || 341*312 = 106392 || Like PAL
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| | Vertical scan rate || 60.0988 Hz || 50.0070 Hz || Like PAL
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| |}
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| Other than these differences and color encoding, the NTSC and PAL PPUs function exactly the same.
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| The authentic NES sold in Brazil is an NTSC NES with an adapter board to turn the NTSC video into PAL/M video, a variant of PAL with frequencies much closer to those of NTSC.
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| [[wikipedia:Dendy (console)|Dendy]] is a clone of the Famicom made by Steepler and sold in Russia.
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| Because not many people in the English-speaking NESdev community have a Dendy, its precise differences from the authentic Nintendo hardware are not completely understood, and the values above are partly conjecture.
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| But it is known that the Dendy is designed for compatibility with Famicom games, including games with CPU cycle counting mappers and games that use a cycle-timed NMI handler.
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| This explains the faster CPU divider and longer post-render period vs. the authentic PAL NES.
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