Four player adapters: Difference between revisions

From NESdev Wiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
m (Created page with 'The '''NES Four Score''' and '''NES Satellite''' accessories allow four NES controllers to be connected to the NES's two controller ports. Controllers connected to this accessory...')
 
(Adds a Four Score image.)
 
(78 intermediate revisions by 12 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
The '''NES Four Score''' and '''NES Satellite''' accessories allow four NES controllers to be connected to the NES's two controller ports.
Four player adapters are devices that plug into controller or expansion ports and provide additional ports. These ports can be used as alternatives to hardwired controllers or for multiplayer with more than 2 simultaneous players. Contemporary adapters allow some consoles to interface with up to 8 controllers. These adapters come in multiple forms, each with their own interfaces and limitations.
Controllers connected to this accessory are read using the same process as the [[Standard Controller|standard controller]].
After the normal 8 reads from one port to get one controller data, 8 more are done to get another controller.


D3 and D4 are not connected on the Four Score, so accessories like the [[Zapper|Zapper]] and [[Power Pad|Power Pad]] will not work.
=Adapters=


=== Input ($4016 write) ===
=="Simple" Famicom adapters==
Because the Famicom only has one expansion port, a device such as the '''JoyPair''' or '''Twin Adapter''' is required to attach multiple controllers to it. Standard expansion controllers respond on D1 of $4016, and these multi-port devices redirect the second port to D1 of $4017. These may be used as players 3 and 4. In 1- or 2-player games for the Famicom, though, it is common to OR together the D1 and D0 bits of a joypad read to allow players to use external controllers as substitutes for the hardwired ones.
 
The expansion ports on these multi-port devices do not pass through all of the signals and thus are limited in functionality compared to the console's expansion port. Because of this, many controllers are not compatible with these adapters.
 
=== Pinout ===
      JoyPair CN1 |  | Famicom EXP
-----------------+--+-----------------
          GND  01 |--| 01  GND
        OUT0  12 |<-| 12  OUT0
Joypad 1 /D1  13 |->| 13  Joypad 1 /D1
Joypad 1 /OE  14 |<-| 14  Joypad 1 /OE
          5V  15 |--| 15  5V
      JoyPair CN2 |  | Famicom EXP
-----------------+--+-----------------
          GND  01 |--| 01  GND
        OUT0  12 |<-| 12  OUT0
Joypad 1 /D1  13 |->| 07  Joypad 2 /D1
Joypad 1 /OE  14 |<-| 09  Joypad 2 /OE
          5V  15 |--| 15  5V
(All other JoyPair pins not connected)
 
==Hori 4 Players Adapter==
 
The '''Hori 4 Players Adapter''' is a Famicom expansion port device that provides 4 ports, usable in 2- and 4-controller modes selected using a switch. In 2-controller mode, ports 1 and 2 on the adapter function exactly like a "simple" Famicom adapter, and ports 3 and 4 are disabled. In 4-controller mode, ports 1 and 3 are multiplexed onto $4016 D1 and ports 2 and 4 onto $4017 D1. The first 8 reads from an address provide the joypad 1 D1 report from the first controller, the next 8 reads the joypad 1 D1 report from the second controller, and the next 8 reads a signature unique to that address. The read counter is reset as long as OUT0 is 1. The same connection limitations of the "simple" adapters still apply in 4-controller mode, which combined with the 8 read limit restricts the set of usable contemporary controllers to those compatible with the standard controller.
 
===Protocol===
==== Input ($4016 write) ====


  7  bit  0
  7  bit  0
Line 11: Line 38:
  xxxx xxxS
  xxxx xxxS
         |
         |
         +- Controller shift register strobe
         +- Controller read strobe
 
This matches the normal strobe behavior used by the [[Standard_controller#Input_.28.244016_write.29|standard controller]] and strobes all 4 at once.
 
==== Output ($4016/$4017 read) ====
 
7  bit  0
---- ----
xxxx xxDx
        |
        +-- Serial controller data
 
==== Report ====
 
$4016 read D1:
  0-7  - Joypad 1 D1 bits 0-7 from controller #1
  8-15 - Joypad 1 D1 bits 0-7 from controller #3
  16-17 - (Always 0)
  18    - (Always 1)
  19-23 - (Always 0)
  24+  - (Always 1)
$4017 read D1:
  0-7  - Joypad 1 D1 bits 0-7 from controller #2
  8-15 - Joypad 1 D1 bits 0-7 from controller #4
  16-18 - (Always 0)
  19    - (Always 1)
  20-23 - (Always 0)
  24+  - (Always 1)
 
Note: ''Joypad 1'' and ''joypad 2'' are names used on the controller-side [[Expansion_port#Famicom|Famicom expansion port]] pin interface, as compared to $4016 and $4017 on the CPU side. While joypad 1 normally connects to $4016, this adapter routes each controller's joypad 1 /D1 to $4016 or $4017 as needed.
 
==Four Score==
 
[[File:NES-Four-Score.jpg|200px|thumb|right|NES Four Score]]
The Four Score is an adapter that plugs into both NES controller ports and provides 4 ports, usable in 2- and 4-controller modes. This device is nearly identical to the Hori 4 Players Adapter, differing in that D0 is used instead of D1 and the addresses' signatures are swapped. This device also provides two turbo switches.
 
===Protocol===
==== Input ($4016 write) ====


Writing 1 to this bit will record the state of each button on the controller.
7  bit 0
Writing 0 afterwards will allow the buttons to be read back, one at a time.
---- ----
xxxx xxxS
        |
        +- Controller read strobe


This matches the normal strobe behavior used by the [[Standard_controller#Input_.28.244016_write.29|standard controller]] and strobes all 4 at once.


=== Output ($4016/$4017 read) ===
==== Output ($4016/$4017 read) ====


  7  bit  0
  7  bit  0
Line 25: Line 96:
         +- Serial controller data
         +- Serial controller data


Read $4016 8 times to get the 8 buttons for controller #1.
==== Report ====
 
$4016 read D0:
  0-7  - Joypad D0 bits 0-7 from controller #1
  8-15 - Joypad D0 bits 0-7 from controller #3
  16-18 - (Always 0)
  19    - (Always 1)
  20-23 - (Always 0)
  24+  - (Always 1)
$4017 read D0:
  0-7  - Joypad D0 bits 0-7 from controller #2
  8-15 - Joypad D0 bits 0-7 from controller #4
  16-17 - (Always 0)
  18    - (Always 1)
  19-23 - (Always 0)
  24+  - (Always 1)
 
Note: ''Joypad D0'' refers to the data normally available on $4016 or $4017 bit 0. Unlike the Famicom expansion port, NES controller port wiring is relative to the port used, so while a controller normally chooses which data inputs to use, it does not choose whether those are joypad 1 or joypad 2.
 
===Turbo===
 
The Four Score includes separate turbo enables intended for the A and B buttons. Each of these applies universally to all attached controllers and in both 2- and 4-controller modes. These turbos force their respective bits to 0 at a fixed rate by ANDing with a mask that alternates between 0 and 1, making a held button appear as though it is being rapidly pressed and released. After a strobe, the A turbo applies to the first read of each controller's report and the B turbo to the second read. In 2-controller mode, each turbo also applies again after every 32 additional reads, causing toggles in the stream of 1's that follow the report from official controllers.
 
The toggle rate is based on the Four Score's internal clock and is approximately 2 frames.
 
==NES Satellite==
 
[[File:NES-Satellite.jpg|200px|thumb|right|top|NES Satellite]]
The NES Satellite is a 4-controller wireless adapter similar to the Four Score. Specific details are not yet known. Instead of a mode switch for 2 or 4 controllers, the NES Satellite has a mode switch selecting between standard controllers and the Zapper. Like the Four Score, it also features A and B turbo switches.
<div style="clear: both"></div>
 
=Hardware=
 
Inside the Four Score and 4 Players Adapter is a 22-pin DIP labeled [[FPA-PAL-S01 pinout|FPA-S01]]. This IC consists of a decoder and one set of shift register, 5-bit counter, and multiplexer per joypad address, allowing each address to return the 8-bit contents of joypads 1 and 3 or 2 and 4 in series, followed by the signature byte.
 
In case you want to build a four player adapter into an arcade cabinet or some other permanent installation, you don't need to use a Four Score or other adapter: you just need six total shift registers. The inputs to these shift registers are parallel, so you need separate wires for each signal, like from SMS or ZX Spectrum controllers.
 
=5+ controllers=
 
These adapters can be used in combination with each other on the AV Famicom for up to 8 controllers, or on the Famicom with the hardwired controllers for up to 6. Because nonstandard controllers are not compatible with 4-controller modes, using them reduces the maximum possible controller count, but if a single nonstandard controller such as a mouse is desired, it can be used with a "simple" adapter alongside up to 6 standard controllers on an AV Famicom using a Four Score in the NES controller ports, a "simple" adapter in the expansion port, and a Hori 4 Players Adapter with controllers in ports 1 and 3 in the other "simple" adapter port.


Read $4016 8 more times to get the buttons for controller #3.
=Compatible Games=


Read $4016 8 more times to get the signature, $10.
Games known to support 3 or more simultaneous controllers:
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Game !! Hori 4-player Adapter !! Four Score !! Simple
|-
| A Nightmare on Elm Street || yes || yes || ?
|-
| Bomber Man II (J) || no || no || yes
|-
| Bomberman II (U) || no || yes || ?
|-
| Downtown Nekketsu Koushinkyoku: Soreyuke Daiundoukai || yes || yes || yes
|-
| Gauntlet II || no || yes || no
|-
| Greg Norman's Golf Power || yes || yes || ?
|-
| Harlem Globetrotters || no || yes || ?
|-
| Ike Ike! Nekketsu Hockey Bu: Subette Koronde Dai Rantou || no || ? || yes
|-
| Indy Heat || yes || yes || ?
|-
| Kings of the Beach || yes || yes || ?
|-
| Kunio-kun no Nekketsu Soccer League || no || unlikely || yes
|-
| M.U.L.E. || no || yes || ?
|-
| Magic Johnson's Fast Break || yes || yes || ?
|-
| Millionaire (Sachen) || no || no || yes
|-
| Moero TwinBee: Cinnamon-hakase o Sukue! || no || ? || yes
|-
| Monster Truck Rally || no || yes || ?
|-
| NES Play Action Football || yes || yes || ?
|-
| Nekketsu Kakutou Densetsu || no || ? || yes
|-
| Nekketsu Koukou Dodge Ball Bu || no  || ? || yes
|-
| Nekketsu Street Basket: Ganbare Dunk Heroes || no || ? || yes
|-
| Nintendo World Cup (U) || yes || yes || ?
|-
| R.C. Pro-Am II || yes || yes || ?
|-
| Rackets and Rivals || no || yes || ?
|-
| Roundball: 2-on-2 Challenge || no || yes || ?
|-
| Smash T.V. (twin-stick for 2 players) || no || yes || ?
|-
| Spot || yes || yes || no
|-
| Super Jeopardy! || yes || yes || ?
|-
| Super Off Road || yes || yes || no
|-
| Super Spike V'Ball || everywhere but title screen || everywhere but title screen || yes
|-
| Swords and Serpents || no || yes || ?
|-
| Top Players' Tennis || yes || yes || ?
|-
| U.S. Championship V'Ball || only during 3+player gameplay || only during 3+player gameplay || yes
|-
| Wit's || yes || yes || yes
|}


Read $4017 8 times to get the 8 buttons for controller #2.
Homebrew games:
*''Double Action Blaster Guys'' becomes ''Quadruple Action Blaster Guys'' when Four Score is connected (NES)
*''Micro Mages'' (NES and Famicom)
*''NESert Golfing'' (NES and Famicom)
*''Spacey McRacey'' (NES)
*''Super PakPak'' (NES and Famicom)


Read $4017 8 more times to get the buttons for controller #4.
Tech demos:
*''Eighty'' (NES and Famicom)
*''allpads'' (NES and Famicom)


Read $4017 8 more times to get the signature, $20.
Hacks:
*''Battle City - 4 Players v1.3 Ti'' (NES and Famicom)
*''Battle City Mario - 4 players v1.0 NesDraug'' (NES and Famicom)
*''Battletoads - 4 players v2.2 NakeuD2007'' (emulator only)
*''Battletoads & Double Dragon - 4 players v0.9 NakeuD2007'' (emulator only)
*''Super Dodge Ball - 4 Player Hack v1.00 akatranslations'' (Famicom)


Button status for each controller is returned in the following order: A, B, Select, Start, Up, Down, Left, Right. 1 if pressed, 0 if not pressed.
=Incompatible Games=
This section lists games that provide four player game modes without supporting a four player adapter. They are explicitly enumerated here because various lists, including one in Wikipedia, frivolously keep listing (and re-adding after an edit to remove them) these games as supporting a four player adapter.
*''Championship Bowling'': Manual clearly states "Players One and Three use Control Pad 1, and Players Two and Four use Control Pad 2".
*''Jeopardy!'' series: Players 1 and 3 share controller 1.


Controllers #3, #4, and the two signatures are only sent when the Four Score switch is in the 4 player position. When the switch is in the 2 player position those reads get the same result as a normal controller, either $00 or $FF depending on the controller.
= References =
<References/>
* [//forums.nesdev.org/viewtopic.php?p=237997#p237997 Forum post]: Analysis of Wit's controller reading, and speculation about the Hori 4 Players adapter.
* [http://nintendoage.com/forum/messageview.cfm?catid=22&threadid=65237 NintendoAge forum thread]: Photos of Four Score PCB and hardware discussion.
* [https://www.famicomworld.com/forum/index.php?topic=12543.15 Famicom World forum post]: List of Famicom games and their behaviour with Hori 4 Players adapter.
* [//forums.nesdev.org/viewtopic.php?p=238168#p238168 Forum post]: Discussion of Hori 4 Players support in ''Micro Mages''.
[[Category:Controllers]]

Latest revision as of 04:48, 18 January 2024

Four player adapters are devices that plug into controller or expansion ports and provide additional ports. These ports can be used as alternatives to hardwired controllers or for multiplayer with more than 2 simultaneous players. Contemporary adapters allow some consoles to interface with up to 8 controllers. These adapters come in multiple forms, each with their own interfaces and limitations.

Adapters

"Simple" Famicom adapters

Because the Famicom only has one expansion port, a device such as the JoyPair or Twin Adapter is required to attach multiple controllers to it. Standard expansion controllers respond on D1 of $4016, and these multi-port devices redirect the second port to D1 of $4017. These may be used as players 3 and 4. In 1- or 2-player games for the Famicom, though, it is common to OR together the D1 and D0 bits of a joypad read to allow players to use external controllers as substitutes for the hardwired ones.

The expansion ports on these multi-port devices do not pass through all of the signals and thus are limited in functionality compared to the console's expansion port. Because of this, many controllers are not compatible with these adapters.

Pinout

     JoyPair CN1 |  | Famicom EXP
-----------------+--+-----------------
         GND  01 |--| 01  GND
        OUT0  12 |<-| 12  OUT0
Joypad 1 /D1  13 |->| 13  Joypad 1 /D1
Joypad 1 /OE  14 |<-| 14  Joypad 1 /OE
          5V  15 |--| 15  5V

     JoyPair CN2 |  | Famicom EXP
-----------------+--+-----------------
         GND  01 |--| 01  GND
        OUT0  12 |<-| 12  OUT0
Joypad 1 /D1  13 |->| 07  Joypad 2 /D1
Joypad 1 /OE  14 |<-| 09  Joypad 2 /OE
          5V  15 |--| 15  5V

(All other JoyPair pins not connected)

Hori 4 Players Adapter

The Hori 4 Players Adapter is a Famicom expansion port device that provides 4 ports, usable in 2- and 4-controller modes selected using a switch. In 2-controller mode, ports 1 and 2 on the adapter function exactly like a "simple" Famicom adapter, and ports 3 and 4 are disabled. In 4-controller mode, ports 1 and 3 are multiplexed onto $4016 D1 and ports 2 and 4 onto $4017 D1. The first 8 reads from an address provide the joypad 1 D1 report from the first controller, the next 8 reads the joypad 1 D1 report from the second controller, and the next 8 reads a signature unique to that address. The read counter is reset as long as OUT0 is 1. The same connection limitations of the "simple" adapters still apply in 4-controller mode, which combined with the 8 read limit restricts the set of usable contemporary controllers to those compatible with the standard controller.

Protocol

Input ($4016 write)

7  bit  0
---- ----
xxxx xxxS
        |
        +- Controller read strobe

This matches the normal strobe behavior used by the standard controller and strobes all 4 at once.

Output ($4016/$4017 read)

7  bit  0
---- ----
xxxx xxDx
       |
       +-- Serial controller data

Report

$4016 read D1:
  0-7  - Joypad 1 D1 bits 0-7 from controller #1
  8-15 - Joypad 1 D1 bits 0-7 from controller #3
 16-17 - (Always 0)
 18    - (Always 1)
 19-23 - (Always 0)

 24+   - (Always 1)

$4017 read D1:
  0-7  - Joypad 1 D1 bits 0-7 from controller #2
  8-15 - Joypad 1 D1 bits 0-7 from controller #4
 16-18 - (Always 0)
 19    - (Always 1)
 20-23 - (Always 0)

 24+   - (Always 1)

Note: Joypad 1 and joypad 2 are names used on the controller-side Famicom expansion port pin interface, as compared to $4016 and $4017 on the CPU side. While joypad 1 normally connects to $4016, this adapter routes each controller's joypad 1 /D1 to $4016 or $4017 as needed.

Four Score

NES Four Score

The Four Score is an adapter that plugs into both NES controller ports and provides 4 ports, usable in 2- and 4-controller modes. This device is nearly identical to the Hori 4 Players Adapter, differing in that D0 is used instead of D1 and the addresses' signatures are swapped. This device also provides two turbo switches.

Protocol

Input ($4016 write)

7  bit  0
---- ----
xxxx xxxS
        |
        +- Controller read strobe

This matches the normal strobe behavior used by the standard controller and strobes all 4 at once.

Output ($4016/$4017 read)

7  bit  0
---- ----
xxxx xxxD
        |
        +- Serial controller data

Report

$4016 read D0:
  0-7  - Joypad D0 bits 0-7 from controller #1
  8-15 - Joypad D0 bits 0-7 from controller #3
 16-18 - (Always 0)
 19    - (Always 1)
 20-23 - (Always 0)

 24+   - (Always 1)

$4017 read D0:
  0-7  - Joypad D0 bits 0-7 from controller #2
  8-15 - Joypad D0 bits 0-7 from controller #4
 16-17 - (Always 0)
 18    - (Always 1)
 19-23 - (Always 0)

 24+   - (Always 1)

Note: Joypad D0 refers to the data normally available on $4016 or $4017 bit 0. Unlike the Famicom expansion port, NES controller port wiring is relative to the port used, so while a controller normally chooses which data inputs to use, it does not choose whether those are joypad 1 or joypad 2.

Turbo

The Four Score includes separate turbo enables intended for the A and B buttons. Each of these applies universally to all attached controllers and in both 2- and 4-controller modes. These turbos force their respective bits to 0 at a fixed rate by ANDing with a mask that alternates between 0 and 1, making a held button appear as though it is being rapidly pressed and released. After a strobe, the A turbo applies to the first read of each controller's report and the B turbo to the second read. In 2-controller mode, each turbo also applies again after every 32 additional reads, causing toggles in the stream of 1's that follow the report from official controllers.

The toggle rate is based on the Four Score's internal clock and is approximately 2 frames.

NES Satellite

NES Satellite

The NES Satellite is a 4-controller wireless adapter similar to the Four Score. Specific details are not yet known. Instead of a mode switch for 2 or 4 controllers, the NES Satellite has a mode switch selecting between standard controllers and the Zapper. Like the Four Score, it also features A and B turbo switches.

Hardware

Inside the Four Score and 4 Players Adapter is a 22-pin DIP labeled FPA-S01. This IC consists of a decoder and one set of shift register, 5-bit counter, and multiplexer per joypad address, allowing each address to return the 8-bit contents of joypads 1 and 3 or 2 and 4 in series, followed by the signature byte.

In case you want to build a four player adapter into an arcade cabinet or some other permanent installation, you don't need to use a Four Score or other adapter: you just need six total shift registers. The inputs to these shift registers are parallel, so you need separate wires for each signal, like from SMS or ZX Spectrum controllers.

5+ controllers

These adapters can be used in combination with each other on the AV Famicom for up to 8 controllers, or on the Famicom with the hardwired controllers for up to 6. Because nonstandard controllers are not compatible with 4-controller modes, using them reduces the maximum possible controller count, but if a single nonstandard controller such as a mouse is desired, it can be used with a "simple" adapter alongside up to 6 standard controllers on an AV Famicom using a Four Score in the NES controller ports, a "simple" adapter in the expansion port, and a Hori 4 Players Adapter with controllers in ports 1 and 3 in the other "simple" adapter port.

Compatible Games

Games known to support 3 or more simultaneous controllers:

Game Hori 4-player Adapter Four Score Simple
A Nightmare on Elm Street yes yes ?
Bomber Man II (J) no no yes
Bomberman II (U) no yes ?
Downtown Nekketsu Koushinkyoku: Soreyuke Daiundoukai yes yes yes
Gauntlet II no yes no
Greg Norman's Golf Power yes yes ?
Harlem Globetrotters no yes ?
Ike Ike! Nekketsu Hockey Bu: Subette Koronde Dai Rantou no ? yes
Indy Heat yes yes ?
Kings of the Beach yes yes ?
Kunio-kun no Nekketsu Soccer League no unlikely yes
M.U.L.E. no yes ?
Magic Johnson's Fast Break yes yes ?
Millionaire (Sachen) no no yes
Moero TwinBee: Cinnamon-hakase o Sukue! no ? yes
Monster Truck Rally no yes ?
NES Play Action Football yes yes ?
Nekketsu Kakutou Densetsu no ? yes
Nekketsu Koukou Dodge Ball Bu no ? yes
Nekketsu Street Basket: Ganbare Dunk Heroes no ? yes
Nintendo World Cup (U) yes yes ?
R.C. Pro-Am II yes yes ?
Rackets and Rivals no yes ?
Roundball: 2-on-2 Challenge no yes ?
Smash T.V. (twin-stick for 2 players) no yes ?
Spot yes yes no
Super Jeopardy! yes yes ?
Super Off Road yes yes no
Super Spike V'Ball everywhere but title screen everywhere but title screen yes
Swords and Serpents no yes ?
Top Players' Tennis yes yes ?
U.S. Championship V'Ball only during 3+player gameplay only during 3+player gameplay yes
Wit's yes yes yes

Homebrew games:

  • Double Action Blaster Guys becomes Quadruple Action Blaster Guys when Four Score is connected (NES)
  • Micro Mages (NES and Famicom)
  • NESert Golfing (NES and Famicom)
  • Spacey McRacey (NES)
  • Super PakPak (NES and Famicom)

Tech demos:

  • Eighty (NES and Famicom)
  • allpads (NES and Famicom)

Hacks:

  • Battle City - 4 Players v1.3 Ti (NES and Famicom)
  • Battle City Mario - 4 players v1.0 NesDraug (NES and Famicom)
  • Battletoads - 4 players v2.2 NakeuD2007 (emulator only)
  • Battletoads & Double Dragon - 4 players v0.9 NakeuD2007 (emulator only)
  • Super Dodge Ball - 4 Player Hack v1.00 akatranslations (Famicom)

Incompatible Games

This section lists games that provide four player game modes without supporting a four player adapter. They are explicitly enumerated here because various lists, including one in Wikipedia, frivolously keep listing (and re-adding after an edit to remove them) these games as supporting a four player adapter.

  • Championship Bowling: Manual clearly states "Players One and Three use Control Pad 1, and Players Two and Four use Control Pad 2".
  • Jeopardy! series: Players 1 and 3 share controller 1.

References

Retrieved from "https://www.nesdev.org/w/index.php?title=Four_player_adapters&oldid=21547"